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Research

Program Justification (Evidence Based Practices)

The link between employment and crime is also well established: unemployment is highly correlated with crime (Lockwood, S. K., Nally, J. M., & Ho, T. (2016). Studies have shown that urban youth and juvenile offenders are suffering from mental health issues associated with poverty. These mental health issues lead to behaviors most associated with cognitive dissonance. These behaviors include anti-social/poor social skills, self -efficacy, locus of control and lack of self-confidence. These health issues are a major leading factor that contributes to crime and repeat delinquency. (Nichols, G., & Nichols, G. (2008). Evidence supports that participation in athletics has influenced the development and contributes to more prosocial behaviors such as leadership, self-confidence, and self-respect. In addition, sports-involved people are more frequently volunteering time and donating to charity. (Kniffin, K. M., Wansink, B., & Shimizu, M. (2014). Research has found that intervention programs for juvenile offenders focusing on adolescent “ human capital development” (job and job skills) are more effective than punitive interventions. (Lockwood, S. K., Nally, J. M., & Ho, T. (2016)
 

 

Our program includes non-traditional, educational & therapeutic components designed to provide opportunities for cognitive behavior, social and personal development skills. Our Integrated development programs seek to systematically achieve improvements in those areas by reducing impulsiveness, anti-social, criminal, and risk-taking behavior. In turn, they raise self-esteem, self-confidence, improve conflict resolution, health awareness, substance abuse prevention amongst participants. 

Development in these areas have been proven to yield crime reduction, improve education and employment prospects amongst juveniles and young adults.(Faulkner, 2010), (Anakwenze & Zuberi, 2013).

The United States has the highest rate of single parent households in the world at 23%. 80% of single parent households are fatherless

THE CHALLENGES OF

SINGLE PARENT HOUSEHOLDS!

  • Fatherless households have a significant impact on youth in communities.
  • 23% of US households are single-parent households, with 80% being fatherless.
  • Children in fatherless households have an increased likelihood of incarceration, violence, and homelessness.
  • They also face behavior disorders, teen pregnancies, and suicide.

Referrences

Anakwenze, U., & Zuberi, D. (2013). Mental Health and Poverty in the Inner City. Health & Social Work,
38(3), 147–157. doi: 10.1093/hsw/hlt013

Bandura, A. (2016). Social cognitive theory of moral thought and action. Handbook of moral behavior and development, 1-45.

Can financial incentives reduce juvenile confinement levels? An evaluation of the Redeploy Illinois program. (2011, March 10). Retrieved from
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047235211000213?via=ihub

Children in single-parent families by race and ethnicity: Kids Count Data Center. KIDS COUNT data center: A project of the Annie E. Casey Foundation. (n.d.). Retrieved February 7, 2023, from https://datacenter.kidscount.org/data/tables/107-children-in-single-parent-families-by-race-and-ethnicity#detailed/1/any/false/ 2048,1729,37,871,870,573,869,36,868,867/10,11,9,12,1,185,13/432,431

Erickson, K. (2018). The impact of father absence on adolescent development: A review of the literature. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 27(9), 2749-2761.

Faulkner, G. E. J. (2010). Exercise, health and mental health: emerging relationships. London: Routledge.

Forknell, J. (2017, June 15). The Benefits of Hiring Former Athletes. Retrieved from https://www.allbusiness.com/benefits-hiring-former-athletes-111756-1.html

Gardner, M., Roth, J., & Brooks-Gunn, J. (2009). Sports participation and academic achievement of urban adolescents: Evidence from a longitudinal study. Journal of urban health, 86(1), 31-40.

Harper, C. C., & McLanahan, S. S. (2004). Father absence and youth incarceration. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 14(3), 369-397.

Haskins, R. (2017). The effects of father involvement: An updated research summary of the evidence. Retrieved from https://www.brookings.edu/research/the-effects-of-father-involvement-an-updated-research-summary-of-the-evidence/

Huebner, E. S., & Suldo, S. M. (2019). Promotion of wellness for children and adolescents. In Handbook of child and adolescent wellness (pp. 3-20). Springer, Cham.

Kniffin, K. M., Wansink, B., & Shimizu, M. (2014). Sports at Work. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 22(2), 217–230.

Larson, R. W., & Verma, S. (2019). How children and adolescents spend time across the world: Work, play, and developmental opportunities. Psychological Bulletin, 145(6), 474-509.

Lockwood, S. K., Nally, J. M., & Ho, T. (2016). Race, Education, Employment, and Recidivism among offenders in the United States: An Exploration of Complex Issues in the Indianapolis Metropolitan Area. International Journal of Criminal Justice Sciences, 11(1), 55–63.

McLanahan, S., Tach, L., & Schneider, D. (2013). The causal effects of father absence. Annual Review of Sociology, 39, 399-427.

National Mentoring Partnership. (2015). Mentoring: At the crossroads of education, business, and community. Washington, DC: National Mentoring Partnership.

Nichols, G., & Nichols, G. (2008). Criminological theory- the development of cognitive competencies. In Sport and crime reduction: the role of sports in tackling youth crime (pp. 16–17). London: Routledge.

Schmidt, M. E., & Padilla-Walker, L. M. (2019). Parenting, friendship quality, and adolescents' risky behavior. Journal of adolescence, 72, 67-78.

Vaden-Goad, L., & Henson, J. M. (2011). Father absence and juvenile delinquency: The differential effects of living in a single-mother household. Journal of Family Issues, 32(2), 180-206.

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